CODEBOOK: out_of_state_ind Dataset

Dataset: out_of_state_ind
Description: Individual contributions to direct democracy campaigns from contributors residing outside the ballot measure state

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VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS

1. year
   Variable Name: year
   Description: Year of the ballot measure election
   Data Type: Numeric
   Values: Year values (e.g., 2007, 2016, 2018, etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

2. bm_state
   Variable Name: bm_state
   Description: State where the ballot measure appeared (two-letter abbreviation)
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Two-letter state codes (e.g., "WA", "CA", "FL", etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

3. ballot_measure
   Variable Name: ballot_measure
   Description: Official designation or name of the ballot measure
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Ballot measure names/numbers (e.g., "INITIATIVE 960", "Proposition 1", etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

4. committee_name
   Variable Name: committee_name
   Description: Name of the committee that received the contribution
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Committee names (e.g., "2 / 3-FOR-TAXES CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT INITIATIVE - VWMC", etc.)
   Source: State campaign finance databases

5. status
   Variable Name: status
   Description: Electoral outcome of the ballot measure
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: "PASSED", "FAILED"
   Source: State election results

6. description
   Variable Name: description
   Description: Brief description of the ballot measure's subject matter
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Description text (e.g., "Tax And Fee Increases By State Government", etc.)
   Source: State ballot measure descriptions

7. contributor_name
   Variable Name: contributor_name
   Description: Name of the individual making the contribution
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Individual contributor names (e.g., "douglas e bruce", "john lashley", "cecil bunch")
   Source: State campaign finance databases

8. city
   Variable Name: city
   Description: City of contributor's address
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: City names (e.g., "COLORADO SPRINGS", "TUCSON", "OCEANSIDE")
   Source: State campaign finance databases

9. state
   Variable Name: state
   Description: State of contributor's address (two-letter abbreviation)
   Data Type: Character/String
   Values: Two-letter state codes different from bm_state (e.g., "CO", "AZ", "OR")
   Note: Always different from bm_state by definition of dataset
   Source: State campaign finance databases

10. zipcode
    Variable Name: zipcode
    Description: ZIP code of contributor's address
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: 5-digit ZIP codes (e.g., "80936", "85743", "97134")
    Source: State campaign finance databases

11. amount
    Variable Name: amount
    Description: Dollar amount of the individual contribution
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Dollar amounts (e.g., 250.00, 1000.00, 40.00, etc.)
    Units: U.S. Dollars
    Source: State campaign finance databases

12. total
    Variable Name: total
    Description: Total amount raised by the committee
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Dollar amounts (e.g., 825328.43, etc.)
    Units: U.S. Dollars
    Source: State campaign finance databases

13. position
    Variable Name: position
    Description: Committee's position on the ballot measure
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: "Support", "Oppose"
    Source: State campaign finance databases

14. committee_ID
    Variable Name: committee_ID
    Description: Unique identifier for the committee
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Numeric ID codes (e.g., 16917, etc.)
    Source: State campaign finance databases

15. subject
    Variable Name: subject
    Description: General subject category of the ballot measure
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: Subject categories (e.g., "Tax & Revenue-General", etc.)
    Source: Coding based on FollowTheMoney coding scheme

16. sub_narrow
    Variable Name: sub_narrow
    Description: More specific categorization of contributor type or industry
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: Industry/sector categories (e.g., "Uncoded", etc.)
    Source: Author coding based on contributor information

17. EntityType
    Variable Name: EntityType
    Description: Classification of contributor type
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: "Individual" (all observations in this dataset are individuals by definition)
    Source: State campaign finance databases

18. is_bordering
    Variable Name: is_bordering
    Description: Indicates whether contributor's state borders the ballot measure state
    Data Type: Logical/Boolean
    Values: TRUE (borders ballot measure state), FALSE (does not border)
    Source: Author coding based on geographic adjacency

19. population
    Variable Name: population
    Description: Population of the ballot measure state
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Population counts (e.g., 6461587 for Washington)
    Units: Number of residents
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau

20. dd_state
    Variable Name: dd_state
    Description: Binary indicator for whether the contributor's state allows direct democracy
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: 0 (no direct democracy), 1 (direct democracy allowed)
    Source: Author coding based on state constitutional provisions

21. income
    Variable Name: income
    Description: Median household income of contributor's ZIP code area
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: Dollar amounts (e.g., 67434, 49427) or *NA* for missing data
    Units: U.S. Dollars
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

22. is_out_of_state
    Variable Name: is_out_of_state
    Description: Binary indicator for whether contributor is from outside the ballot measure state
    Data Type: Numeric
    Values: 1 (all observations are out-of-state by definition of dataset)
    Source: Author coding based on contributor and ballot measure state comparison

23. subject_narrowed
    Variable Name: subject_narrowed
    Description: Refined categorization of ballot measure subject matter
    Data Type: Character/String
    Values: Subject categories (e.g., "Tax and Revenue", etc.)
    Source: Author coding based on detailed ballot measure analysis

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DATA SOURCES AND CITATIONS

1. State Campaign Finance Databases: Individual state disclosure databases as listed in dd_threshold dataset
2. State Election Results: Official state election offices for ballot measure outcomes
3. State Ballot Measure Descriptions: Official state sources for ballot measure text and descriptions
4. U.S. Census Bureau: Population data and American Community Survey for income data
5. Author Coding (Supplemented by coding from FollowThe Money): Variables subject, sub_narrow is_bordering, dd_state, is_out_of_state, and subject_narrowed created through author analysis

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NOTES

- This dataset is a subset of the full contributions data, filtered to include only:
  * Individual contributors (EntityType = "Individual")
  * Out-of-state contributors (bm_state ≠ state)
- All observations have is_out_of_state = 1 by definition
- All observations have EntityType = "Individual" by definition

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SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS

year | bm_state | state | contributor_name | amount  | is_bordering | income | subject_narrowed
-----|----------|-------|------------------|---------|--------------|--------|------------------
2007 | WA       | CO    | douglas e bruce  | 250.00  | FALSE        | *NA*   | Tax and Revenue
2007 | WA       | AZ    | john lashley     | 1000.00 | FALSE        | 67434  | Tax and Revenue
2007 | WA       | OR    | cecil bunch      | 40.00   | TRUE         | 49427  | Tax and Revenue